Confucianisme

Livres sources

Chaque texte distillé passage par passage, avec des citations au niveau du verset.

01 The Great Learning (Dàxué 大學) — The Root and the Eight-Step Chain

Self-cultivation is the root of all order, for everyone. Three aims of learning, and an eight-step chain running from inner knowing to a tranquil world.
02 The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhōngyōng 中庸) — Heaven-Conferred Nature, the Mean, and Sincerity

Morality is rooted in a Heaven-conferred nature. Equilibrium and harmony are the root and path of action, and sincerity is the way of Heaven.
03 Mencius (Mèngzǐ 孟子) — Benevolent Government, the Four Sprouts, and the People First

A ruler's themes are humaneness and rightness, never profit. Human nature is innately good, and the people are the most important element in a nation.
04 Analects Book I — Hsio R (Learning, the Root)

Filial reverence is the root of humaneness. Becoming fully human is lifelong, joyful self-cultivation, and humane government is reverent and people-loving.
05 Analects Book II — Wei Chang (Government by Virtue)

Govern by moral force and ritual rather than by punishment. The moral life is a lifelong arc that ends in free conformity to what is right.
06 Analects Book III — Pa Yih (Ritual and Its Inner Substance)

Ritual is the vessel and humaneness its content. Heaven is the final standard, beyond which there is no appeal.
07 Analects Book IV — Le Jin (Abiding in Humaneness)

Humaneness endures poverty and prosperity alike. The whole doctrine is loyalty and reciprocity, and the noble mind is oriented to rightness, not gain.
08 Analects Book V — Kung-ye Ch'ang (Portraits and the Seed of Reciprocity)

Conduct, not words, is the test and the shape of character — and the reciprocity rule appears here in seed.
09 Analects Book VI — Yung Yey (Joy, Wisdom, and the Positive Form of Ren)

Joy is independent of wealth. The Way is known, then loved, then delighted in; humaneness is establishing and enlarging others as oneself.
10 Analects Book VII — Shu R (The Transmitter)

The Master transmits rather than invents, and teaches all who are eager. Any companion can be a teacher — emulate their good, learn from their fault.
11 Analects Book VIII — T'ai-po (The Forming Arts)

The Odes, ritual and music together form the person, and the cultivated carry humaneness as a lifelong, immovable burden.
12 Analects Book IX — Tsze Han (The Settled Self)

The cultivated self is settled and inviolable. Faithfulness and sincerity come first, and faults are to be abandoned without fear.
13 Analects Book X — Heang Tang (Ritual Lived in the Body)

Ritual lived in the body — and humaneness shown as care for persons over property.
14 Analects Book XI — Hsien Tsin (Disciples and the Living)

Attend to the living and to human life before the spirits and the dead. The Mean is the standard, and the cultivated life is lived gladly.
15 Analects Book XII — Yen Yuan (Ren Defined, Roles Rectified, Trust as the Ground)

Humaneness is self-mastery returning to ritual, and love of persons. Government rests on the people's trust, and order on a ruler who rectifies himself.
16 Analects Book XIII — Tsze-lu (Rectification of Names)

The rectification of names. Rule by self-rectification, enrich the people and then teach them, and seek harmony rather than uniformity.
17 Analects Book XIV — Hsien Wan (Requite Injury with Justice)

Requite injury with justice — not with kindness, and not with injury. Self-cultivation radiates outward, to others and to all the people.
18 Analects Book XV — Wei Ling Kung (The Single Word for a Lifetime)

Reciprocity is the single word to be practised for a lifetime. Never injure humaneness, even at the cost of life; teaching is open to every class.
19 Analects Book XVI — Ke She (The Threefold Awe)

The noble mind lives in awe of Heaven, of the great, and of the sages — and a people is drawn by virtue, not by force.
20 Analects Book XVII — Yang Ho (Nature, Practice, and Silent Heaven)

Nature is shared, and practice and learning make the difference. Ritual is its inner meaning, and Heaven is a silent, productive moral order.
21 Analects Book XVIII — Wei Tsze (The Engaged Sage)

The sage engages the world and refuses withdrawal.
22 Analects Book XIX — Tsze-chang (The Disciples)

The scholar's posture — ready, righteous, learning daily — and the trust that must precede both labour and remonstrance.
23 Analects Book XX — Yao Yueh (The Closing Charge)

The closing charge: know Heaven, know ritual, know the force of words. The ruler bears the people's faults, and humane government is five excellent things.